Formulation Practical
FormulationAugust 18, 2022
1. OIL EMULSION
Aim: To prepare & dispense 30ml of castor oil emulsion.
Requirements: Castor oil, Acacia gum, water, mortar & pestle, Beaker &
Measuring cylinder.
Principle: It is prepared by wet gum method, in which a primary emulsion is
prepared in the ratio of 4:2:1 (fixed oil : water : Acacia gum). Castor oil acts as
purgative, acacia as emulsifying agent which forms a protective barrier and
reduces interfacial tension. Water as dispersion medium.
Procedure:
1. Mortar & pestle are thoroughly cleaned & dried.
2. 2g of acacia gum is weighed & transferred into mortar and triturated.
3. 4ml of water is measured and transferred into mortar & triturated with gum to
from mucilage.
4. 8ml of castor oil is measured and added to mucilage in small quantities with
continuous trituration.
5. After each addition trituration is briskly done without stopping until a clicking
sound is produced. Then emulsion is known as primary emulsion .Then above
10ml vehicle is added with small quantities at a time with to get the
homogeneous product. Then emulsion is transferred to measuring cylinder &
more of vehicle is added to produce final volume of 30ml & is stirred thoroughly
to get uniform emulsion. The preparation is transferred to bottle lid is placed &
bottle is wiped to remove finger prints, labelled and dispensed.
Storage: Stored in well close container.
Direction: 1. For internal use only.
2.Should not be administered at bed time, preferred early in the morning.
2. Shampoo
Shampoo is a hair care product, typically in the form of a viscous liquid, that is used for cleaning hair. Less commonly, shampoo is available in solid bar format. Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product into the scalp, and then rinsing it out. Some users may follow a shampooing with the use of hair conditioner.
PROCEDURE-
1 Weigh all ingredients
2 Dissolve SLS in 75% of purified water.
3 Add methyl paraben, propyl parabenand glycerin to above solution.
4 Add Color and perfume to the preparation.
5 Dispense HPMC in above solution with continue stirring for 20 min./60°C.
6 Add water upto required volume.
3. Cold cream
Cold cream is an emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup. Cold cream is an emulsion of water in a larger amount of oil, unlike the oil in water emulsion of vanishing cream, so-called because it seems to disappear when applied on skin. The name "cold cream" derives from the cooling feeling that the cream leaves on the skin. Variations of the product have been used for nearly 2000 years.
PROCEDURE-
1 Melt beeswax,liquid paraffin,propyl paraffin in order of increasing temperature.
2 Dissolve methyl paraben,borax in water at 75°C. Filter if required.
3. Add aqueous phase to oily phase with continuous stirring.
4 Stir at room temperature.
4. Mouthwash
Mouthwash is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swilled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head, and may be gargled, where the head is tilted back and the liquid bubbled at the back of the mouth.
Usually mouthwashes are antiseptic solutions intended to reduce the microbial load in the mouth, although other mouthwashes might be given for other reasons such as for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory or anti-fungal action. Additionally, some rinses act as saliva substitutes to neutralize acid and keep the mouth moist in xerostomia (dry mouth).Cosmetic mouthrinses temporarily control or reduce bad breath and leave the mouth with a pleasant taste.
PROCEDURE-
Mix sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride than add chloroform and peppermint oil and add water to fill required volume the solution.
5. GARGLE
These are aqueous hydroalcoholic solutions used to treat or prevent throat infections and contain phenol & thymol, potassium chlorate.
Ex: potassium chlorate and phenol gargle.
Method of preparation of Gargle:
Formula:
1. Phenol Glycerin - 5 ml
2. Amaranth solution
1 ml
3. Purified water - q.s. To 100 ml
Method of Preparation:-
Gargles are prepared by adding amaranth solution (1% w/v in chloroform water) to
comparatively less quantity of water and then mix phenol glycerin (16% w/w phenol & 84% w/w glycerin) to it. Then stir the solution to make up to the volume
with purified water.
Dilute with an equal quantity of water before use.
6. Throat Paint:-
Solutions that contain multiple active ingredients are used to treat mucosa throat or mouth. These are vicious because the high content of glycerin,which is thick in nature sticks to the surface, affects the site, and prolongs the action. E.g. • Compound lodine Paint (Mandl's Paint) Used for pharyngitis.
• Crystal Violet Paint - Used for Thrush.
• Phenol Glycerin - Used for Ulcerative
Stomatitis as it has analgesic effects.
• Tannic Acid Glycerin - helps in the sore throat as it has astringent actions.
PREPARATION OF THROAT PAINT :-
• Potassium lodide - 25g
• Iodine - 12.5g
• Alcohol (90% V/V) - 40ml
• Water - 25ml
• Peppermint Oil - 4ml
• Glycerol - up to 1000ml
Method of preparation:-
Dissolved potassium iodide in water
• Add iodine to concentrated potassium
iodide solution to form KI3.
• Dissolve peppermint oil in alcohol (90%
V/V).
• Add alcohol solution to iodine solution.
• Fill It up with glycerin to the required
volume.
7. EYE DROP:-
Eye drops are liquid drops applied directly to the surface of the eye usually in small amounts such as a single drop or a few drops. Eye drops usually contain saline to match the salinity of the eye. Drops containing only saline and sometimes a lubricant are often used as artificial tears to treat dry eyes or simple eye irritation such as itching or redness. Eye drops may also contain one or more medications to treat a wide variety of eye diseases. Depending on the condition being treated, they may contain steroids, antihistamines, sympathomimetics, beta receptor blockers, parasympathomimetics, parasympatholytics, prostaglandins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, antifungals, or topical anesthetics.
PROCEDURE:-
1.Take essential chemical such as KI, NaCl,CaCl2 and weigh them i.e. 0.3/100ml, 0.8/100ml, 0.1/100ml, respectively.
2. Mix thoroughly all of them.
3Add Phenyl mercuric nitrate,as a preservative.
4.Add water upto 20 ml.
8.EAR DROP
Ear drops are a form of topical medication for the ears used to treat infection, inflammation, impact ear wax and local anaesthesia. They are commonly used for short-term treatment and can be purchased with or without a prescription. Before using ear drops, refer to the package insert or consult a health professional for the amount of drops to use and the duration of treatment.
PROCEDURE:-
1.Weigh sodium bicarbonate i.e. 1gm.
2. Add glycerol into it (6ml),mix it properly and often this add some water upto 20 ml into it and dispense it.
9.NORMAL SALINE (NS)
Saline (also known as saline solution) is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) and water. It has a number of uses in medicine including cleaning wounds, removal and storage of contact lenses, and help with dry eyes. By injection into a vein it is used to treat dehydration such as that from gastroenteritis and diabetic ketoaciss. Large amounts may result in fluid overload, swelling, acidosis , and high blood sodium. In those with long-standing low blood sodium, excessive use may result in osmotic demyelition syndrome.
PROCEDURE:-
1.Weigh 9gm Nacl.
2. Mix it with distilled water upto 1000ml with continuous stirring.
3.Dispense it.
10.DNS
Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever, hyperthyroidism, high blood calcium, or diabetes insipidus. It is also used in the treatment of high blood potassium, diabetic ketoacidosis, and as part of parenteral nutrition. It is given by injection into a vein.
PROCEDURE:-
1.Weigh Dextrose anhydrous and NaCl.
2.Mix them through with water.
3.Add 100 ml water according to quantity sufficient with continuous stirring.
4.Dispense the drug.
11. VANISHING POWDER:-
A cream is a preparation usually for application to the skin. Creams for application to mucous membranes such as those of the rectum or vagina are also used. Creams may be considered pharmaceutical products as even cosmetic creams are based on techniques developed by pharmacy and unmedicated creams are highly used in a variety of skin conditions (dermatoses). An oil-in-water emulsion containing potassium, ammonium, or sodium stearate with water and holding in emulsified form more or less free stearic acid; it also contains a hygroscopic ingredient such as glycerol, and a small amount of a fatty ingredient; it leaves a protective, invisible film of stearic acid on the skin.
PROCEDURE:-
• Methyl Paraben is used as preservative action is used alone.To reduce the quantity of Methyl Parabe, small amount (0.02%) potent propyl paraben is used.
•Melt streric acid and lanolic at 60°C.
•Mix water glycerine and triethanolamine and warm up to 60°C in to second beaker.
•Mix the two with continuous stirring.
•All the preservative and perfume.
•Mix them thoroughly in order to obtain a uniform product.
12.SYRUP IP and USP
Inverted sugar syrup, also known as simple syrup, is a basic sugar-and-water syrup. It is used by bartenders as a sweetener to make cocktails, and as a yeast feeding agent in ethanol fermentation.
The ratio of sugar to water is 1:1 by volume for normal simple syrup, but can get up to 2:1 for rich simple syrup.[6] For pure sucrose the saturation limit is about 5:1 (500 grams (18 oz) sucrose to 100 millilitres.
The concentration of sugar is 66.7%w/w syrup IP and 64.74% w/w for syrup USP.
13.LACTOSE GRANULES
A granule is a large particle or grain. It can refer to:
Granule (cell biology), any of several submicroscopic structures, some with explicable origins, others noted only as cell type-specific features of unknown function. Azurophilic granule, a structure characteristic of the azurophil eukaryotic cell type. Chromaffin granule, a structure characteristic of the chromophil eukaryotic cell type. Granule, in pharmaceutical terms, small particles gathered into a larger, permanent aggregate in which the original particles can still be identified.
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